|
|
Fishes are aquatic vertebrates that have fins, gills and
scales. Gills are the part of the respiratory system that
provide surface area for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
under water.
Fish are ectotherms, commonly referred to as
'cold-blooded', meaning their temperature is regulated by the
temperature of their environment. They have a range of diets,
being herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Some fish reproduce
by laying eggs, while others reproduce by bearing live young.
California fish species reside in freshwater and coastal/marine
waters. Coastal, or marine fish are an abundant and valuable
resource. However, the ocean's supply is not limitless, and
therefore careful planning and education must be undertaken to
ensure the sustainability of the world's largest food source.
|
 |
Tuna-shaped, bonito are dark blue above with silver below and
have several dark oblique lines on the back.
They have
striped backs and silvery bellies and grow to a length of about
30 inches. Like tunas, bonita are streamlined, with a narrow
tail base, a forked tail, and a row of small finlets behind the
dorsal and anal fins.
The body of the Pacific bonito is cigar-shaped and somewhat
compressed. The head is pointed and conical, and the mouth is
large. Bonitos are of both commercial and sporting value.
The dorsal fin of the Eastern Pacific Bonito is dark, although
the second dorsal fin has a white tip. The anal and pelvic fins
are white. The caudal and pectoral fins are gray. The tail base
is composed of two keels separated by a third larger keel. There
are no spots between the pelvic and pectoral fins.
|
|
|
The preferred food of bonito appears to
be small fishes, such as anchovies and sardines. Occasionally,
they rely heavily upon squid in their daily diet.
Bonito may not spawn successfully every year in California, but
successful spawning does take place further south each year. The
bulk of southern California spawning appears to take place from
late January through May.
The free floating eggs require about 3 days to hatch at average
spring water temperatures. Young fish resulting from local
successful spawnings are usually first observed by the various
live bait haulers when they are 6 to 10 inches long in the early
summer months.
These fish will often weigh 3 pounds or more by the fall of the
year and by May of the following year many will weigh 6 or 7
pounds..
|
 |
Pacific bonito are excellent fighters and have hearty appetites.
Once a school is aroused they will take almost any bait or lure
that is tossed their way. Most Pacific bonito are taken by a
combination of trolling and live bait fishing.
The schools are located by trolling feathers, and live anchovies
or squid pieces are used to bait the fish once located. Fishing
for bonito generally takes place offshore in 300 to 600 feet of
water, but may occur next to kelp beds when the fish are near
shore.
Pacific bonito may arrive off of California as the ocean warms
in the spring, but may never show up if oceanic conditions
dictate colder than normal water temperatures. Bonito anglers
generally catch 1 to 4 year old fish, weighing between 3 and 12
pounds. Pacific bonito fishing tapers off in the fall as the
water cools, but persistent anglers still find good bonito
fishing around warm water outfalls associated with power plants. |
|
|
Bonito are not usually difficult to locate. If there is no sign of fish, troll a
feather jig to locate them. When you get a strike, stop the boat and either fish
with live bait or cast jigs. At other times, you can see them crashing bait and
boiling on the surface, and you cast to them. Sometimes they school around kelp
areas. The best fishing is from early summer to early fall, and it's often best in late
summer.
Pacific bonito prey on smaller pelagic fish as well as on squid
and shrimp, generally in surface waters. Anchovies and sardines
appear to be their preferred foods.
The Eastern Pacific Bonito is normally an incidental catch on
live sardines, rapidly trolled feathers, or hootchies, or off
the bottom with chrome yo-yo iron. For it size it puts up a
horrific fight. The Eastern Pacific Bonito is viewed by locals
as a valued food substance utilized as a component of machaca.
|