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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
Marine Fish: Garibaldi
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Fishes are aquatic vertebrates that have fins, gills and
scales. Gills are the part of the respiratory system that
provide surface area for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
under water.
Fish are ectotherms, commonly referred to as
'cold-blooded', meaning their temperature is regulated by the
temperature of their environment. They have a range of diets,
being herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Some fish reproduce
by laying eggs, while others reproduce by bearing live young.
California fish species reside in freshwater and coastal/marine
waters. Coastal, or marine fish are an abundant and valuable
resource. However, the ocean's supply is not limitless, and
therefore careful planning and education must be undertaken to
ensure the sustainability of the world's largest food source.
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California designates the garibaldi as the official state marine
fish. The garibaldi is found in shallow waters off the Southern California coast and Mexico. When disturbed garibaldi emit a thumping sound which can be heard by divers. The garibaldi is the largest of the damselfish family; adults typically reaching 14 inches. Males build the nests, the female enters several of them and then makes her decision. The garibaldi is one of the few fish to use the same nesting site every year.
Way back in 1971, the California Department of Fish and Game recommended that the garibaldi be fully protected and not taken for sport or commercial purposes because of relatively limited stocks, poor acceptance as food, and high aesthetic value.
The garibaldi's aesthetic value, highlighted by its brilliant
orange color, eclipsed its value as a food source. Not much came
of this recommendation.
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Then the saltwater aquarium industry targeted the garibaldi
because of it bright color and relative ease of capture.
Legislation was passed in 1993 that was designed to protect the
garibaldi from overharvesting.
Garibaldi can be found in Pacific Ocean, from Monterey Bay to
Baja California. In San Diego, the Garibaldi can be found most
commonly in and around La Jolla Cove. The Garibaldi can also be
seen along the rocky reefs, just a few feet from the La Jolla
Caves.
They live at depths of up to 30 meters, usually in association with reefs and
typically over rocky sea bottoms. The Garibaldi and other local La Jolla marine
life are visible in between the surf grass, which grows along the nearby rock
reefs. The surf grass provides protection from predators like the California sea lion,
brown pelican, and other birds.
The juvenile Garibaldi have little blue spots along their sides
and are quite a bit smaller than the adult Garibaldi. Once the
juvenile garibaldi lose their blue spots, it's the indication
that they're ready for reproduction.
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Garibaldi feed mainly on invertebrates that they remove from
rocks. Adult garibaldi maintain a home territory. The male
garibaldi clears a sheltered site within his territory, and the
female then deposits eggs within the nest.
The male subsequently guards the nest until the eggs hatch in
two or three weeks. Like all male damsel fish, the male
Garibaldi will boldly attack much larger swimming creatures,
including humans, to the point of biting divers in order to try
to drive them away from the area where the eggs are deposited.
These beautiful fish are protected by law in California, and may
not be caught for any purpose. For this reason, Garibaldi can be
seen in the same areas over and over because of their extreme
territorial nature.
The name "garibaldi" comes from the Italian Army leader,
Giuseppe Garibaldi, whose forces wore bright red shirts.
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