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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
Marine Fish: Yellowtail
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Fishes are aquatic vertebrates that have fins, gills and
scales. Gills are the part of the respiratory system that
provide surface area for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
under water.
Fish are ectotherms, commonly referred to as
'cold-blooded', meaning their temperature is regulated by the
temperature of their environment. They have a range of diets,
being herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Some fish reproduce
by laying eggs, while others reproduce by bearing live young.
California fish species reside in freshwater and coastal/marine
waters. Coastal, or marine fish are an abundant and valuable
resource. However, the ocean's supply is not limitless, and
therefore careful planning and education must be undertaken to
ensure the sustainability of the world's largest food source.
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The body of the yellowtail is elongate, somewhat compressed,
tapering to the sharp snout and the slender tail. The head is
more or less conical. The color is olive brown to brown above,
with a dark streak along the side of the body. The fins are
yellowish. Yellowtail are easily distinguished from other fishes
by the darker horizontal stripe along the side of the body, as
well as a deeply forked yellow tail.
Yellowtail occur from Chile to southern Washington including the
Gulf of California, and from the ocean's surface to depths of
228 feet. Most fish landed in California are taken between Point
Conception and the Coronado Islands, Baja California.
Yellowtail feed primarily during the day and are opportunistic
feeders, eating anything that is abundant in the area. Red
crabs, anchovies, squid, and most small fishes are food items.
Spawning occurs from June through October.
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Many yellowtail are sexually mature in 2 years; all will spawn
when 3 years old. A 3 year old female will weigh about 10 pounds
and spawn approximately 450,000 eggs; however, a 25 pound female
will produce more than 1 million eggs.
Prime yellowtail areas are found around the Coronado Islands, La
Jolla Kelp, the area between Oceanside and Dana Point, Horseshoe
Kelp, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Santa Catalina Island and San
Clemente Island.
Most yellowtail taken by California anglers are landed on boats
which anchor at spots where yellowtail are known to aggregate
and then chum the fish to the boat with live anchovies. As the
fish mill about the boat, anglers then use anchovies, mackerel
or squid to catch them. Small boaters may take yellowtail by
trolling jigs or feathers in areas where these fish occur. |
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Yellowtail are the glamour fish of Southern California and Baja.
Although yellows typically run 10 to 20 pounds, the IGFA
all-tackle record for California yellowtail (Seriola lalandi
dorsalis) is a 79-pound, 4-ounce monster taken in 1991 at Alijos
Rocks, Baja.
Unpredictable, powerful and great fighters, yellowtail on a
line never fail to excite anglers and skippers. Their appeal
continues at the boat, with the species' handsome good looks -
sporting a bright lemon-yellow stripe running midway down the
body from eye to brilliant yellow tail, separating its metallic
green dorsal from a white underbelly.
To top off its appeal, the
yellowtail offers mild, pinkish fillets, making it popular as a
sashimi dish or when cooked traditionally.
The California yellowtail is but one of three species. The
group includes the much larger southern yellowtail and Asian
yellowtail, and the greater amberjack is a close cousin. All are
among the largest members of the diverse, worldwide family of
jacks
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