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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Ano Nuevo State Park
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La Punta de Ano Nuevo (The Point of the New
Year) was named by the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno on
January 3, 1603. It's one of the oldest place-names in
California. Ano Nuevo State Reserve was created in 1958 to
protect protected elephant seals. At the time of its discovery,
the Point was occupied by the Ohlone, who lived off the bounty
of sea. Judging from kitchen midden sites-shell mounds-found in
the nearby dunes, it was a rich bounty indeed.
Ano Nuevo State Reserve is located just west of Highway 1, 22
miles north of Santa Cruz and 30 miles south of Half Moon Bay.
The Ano Nuevo area later hosted a variety of enterprises. From
the 1850s to 1920, redwood cut from the slopes of the nearby
Santa Cruz Mountains was shipped from Ano Nuevo Bay. A dairy
industry flourished on the coastal bluffs. The reserve's visitor
center is a restored century-old dairy barn. |
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One of the best new year's resolutions a
walker could make is to plan a winter trip to Ano Nuevo State
Reserve. Here you'll be treated to a wildlife drama that
attracts visitors from all over the world-a close-up look at the
largest mainland population of elephant seals.
From December through April, a colony of the huge creatures
visits Ano Nuevo island and point in order to breed and bear
young. To protect the elephant seals (and the humans who hike
out to see them), the reserve is open only through
naturalist-guided tours during these months.
Slaughtered for their oil-rich blubber, the elephant seal
population numbered fewer than 100 by the early 1900s. Placed
under government protection, the huge mammals rebounded rapidly
from the brink of extinction.
Male elephant seals, some reaching lengths of 16 feet and
weighing three tons, arrive in December and begin battling for
dominance. Only a very small percentage of males actually get to
inseminate a female; most remain lifelong bachelors. The
females, relatively svelte at 1,200 to 2,000 pounds, come ashore
in January and join the harems of the dominant males.
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While the elephant seals are clearly the
main attraction when they come ashore during the winter to breed
and during the spring and summer to molt, the reserve is even
fascinating when the big creatures are not in residence; in
fact, Ano Nuevo is a year-round destination.
Bird-watchers may glimpse a cliff swallow, Western gull,
red-tailed hawk and many other inland and shore birds. The
beautiful sand dunes of the Reserve are covered with beach
grass, morning glory and extensive patches of beach strawberry.
Joining the elephant seals on Ano Nuevo Island are Steller sea
lions, California sea lions and harbor seals. Seals inhabit Ano
Nuevo year-round.
Viewing is great in the spring and summer months-on the beaches.
Autumn brings one- to three-year-old "yearling" seals ashore to
rest on the beaches. |
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The purpose of Ano Nuevo State Park, in San
Mateo County, is to preserve and protect the scenic, biological,
ecological, and cultural values of the central California
coastline, including Ano Nuevo Island and properties on the
western slope of the coast range inland from Ano Nuevo Point.
Ano Nuevo State Park protects and interprets the pinniped
rookeries, a prime resource, and significant wildlife habitats
on Ano Nuevo Island and the mainland. It also contains sensitive
native dunes and coastal terrace prairie habitats, and a
diversity of inland plant communities, including old growth
forest, freshwater marsh, red alder riparian forest and knobcone
pine forest. Its four perennial streams support steelhead trout
and coho salmon, and its wetlands are habitat to the rare San
Francisco garter snake and red-legged frog.
Cultural resources include the remnants of Native California
Indian Ohlone occupation of the area and a number of structures
from the nineteenth century Cascade Ranch and historic Steele
Ranch. In conjunction with adjacent and nearby public lands, the
unit protects important regional ecological corridors and
linkages.
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Ano Nuevo Point, where the elephant seals
reside, is open only to visitors on guided walks, conducted by
state park volunteer naturalists, from December through March.
Año Nuevo State Park is the site of the largest mainland
breeding colony in the world for the northern elephant seal, and
the interpretive program has attracted increasing interest every
winter for the past 19 years. People who hope to see the seals
during the winter breeding season are urged to get their
reservations early. The males battle for mates on the beaches
and the females give birth to their pups on the dunes.
Guided walks are conducted daily and consist of a 2.5-hour,
three mile long walk. Advance reservations for the guided walks
are strongly recommended. Reservations can be made through the
state park system's reservation contractor.
From April through November, access to the Ano Nuevo Point
Wildlife Protection Area is by permit only. Permits are issued
free of charge daily at the reserve, on a first come, first
served basis. |
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