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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Bears
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Both the American Black bear and the Grizzly
Bear once called California nature home. Now only the black bear
can still be found here. Grizzlies once lived in much of western North America and even roamed the Great
Plains. European settlement gradually eliminated the bears from much of this
range, and today only about 1,000 grizzlies remain in the continental U.S.,
where they are protected by law. Grizzly bears are 5-8 feet long and average
around 800 pounds while the American black bear is 4-7 feet long
and a male weighs 150-300 pounds, while females are slightly
smaller.
The American Black Bear, like most bears, lack the distinctive shoulder hump that the Grizzly Bear has.
Most bears hibernate depending on local weather
conditions and availability of food during the winter months. In
regions where there is a consistent food supply and warmer
weather throughout the winter, bears may not hibernate at all or
do so for a very brief time. Females give birth and usually
remain denned throughout the winter, but males and females
without young may leave their dens from time to time during
winter months.
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Black bears originated in
North America, and have been here at
least 1.5 million years. Like all members of the
bear family, black bears are large, powerful
mammals with rounded ears, short tails, 5-toed
feet, and large canine teeth. Black bears may
look slow because they walk flat on their feet
like people, and travel with a shuffling gait,
but they can run up to 30 miles an hour. With
their stout, heavily-curved claws, black bears
climb trees very well; these claws are
non-retractable and can be easily seen in their
tracks.
American black bears are omnivorous: plants,
fruits, nuts, insects, honey, salmon, small
mammals and carrion. In northern regions, they
eat spawning salmon. Black bears will also
occasionally kill young deer or moose calves.
Black bear fur is usually a uniform color except
for a brown muzzle and light markings that
sometimes appear on their chests. Eastern
populations are usually black in color while
western populations often show brown, cinnamon,
and blond coloration in addition to black. Black
bears with white-bluish fur are known as Kermode
(glacier) bears and these unique color phases
are only found in coastal British Columbia,
Canada.
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The American black bear is distributed throughout North America,
from Canada to Mexico and in at least 40 states in the U.S. They
historically occupied nearly all of the forested regions of
North America, but in the U.S. they are now restricted to the
forested areas less densely occupied by humans.
Black bears are extremely adaptable and show a great variation
in habitat types, though they are primarily found in forested
areas with thick ground vegetation and an abundance of fruits,
nuts, and vegetation. In the northern areas, they can be found
in the tundra, and they will sometimes forage in fields or
meadows.
Black bears tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of
mothers and cubs. The bears usually forage alone, but will
tolerate each other and forage in groups if there is an
abundance of food in one area.
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The grizzly bear is a North American subspecies of the brown bear.
These awe-inspiring giants tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of females and their cubs, but at times they do congregate. Dramatic gatherings of grizzly bears can be seen at prime Alaskan fishing spots when the salmon run upstream for summer spawning. In this season, dozens of bears may gather to feast on the fish, craving fats that will sustain them through the long winter ahead.
Grizzly bears are powerful, top-of-the-food-chain predators, yet much of their
diet consists of nuts, berries, fruit, leaves, and roots. Bears also eat other
animals, from rodents to moose. Grizzlies are typically brown, though their fur can appear to be white-tipped,
or grizzled, lending them their traditional name.
Despite their impressive size, grizzlies are quite fast and have been clocked at
30 miles an hour. They can be dangerous to humans, particularly
if surprised or if humans come between a mother and her cubs.
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The California grizzly bear (Ursus
californicus) was designated official State Animal in 1953.
Before dying out in California, this largest and most powerful
of carnivores thrived in the great valleys and low mountains of
the state, probably in greater numbers than anywhere else in the
United States.
As humans began to populate California, the grizzly stood its
ground, refusing to retreat in the face of advancing
civilization. It killed livestock and interfered with settlers.
Less than 75 years after the discovery of gold, every grizzly
bear in California had been tracked down and killed. The last
one was killed in Tulare County in August 1922, more than 20
years before the authority to regulate the take of fish and
wildlife was delegated to the California Fish and Game
Commission by the State Legislature.
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Bats
Bears
Bison
Bobcat
Chipmunks
& Squirrels
Deer & Elk
Feral Horses
Foxes
Gophers
Gray Wolf
Jaguar
Mice & Rats
Mountain Lion
Porcupine
Rabbits
& Hares
Raccoons
River Otter
Sheep
Shrews, Moles,
& Opossum Skunks
Weasels & Minks
Wolverine and Badger |
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