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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Hummingbird Gardens
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Hummingbirds are mainly attracted to flowers
in the red spectrum, from light orange to deep purple, although
they will frequent flowers with other colors. The reason they
prefer red flowers is that most insects avoid red flowers thus
there is more nectar in them for hummingbirds. The typical
hummingbird flower is a long flared tube, which keeps out rival
pollinators and invites the birds to lap up tasty nectar with
their long bills and tongues.
While California hummingbirds subsist primarily on insects
during late fall and winter, in spring and summer the feisty
birds also take advantage of the profusion of native blooms. The
Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) is the most common hummingbird
found in Southern California gardens and is also the largest of
the species. The Black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus
alexandri) is the smallest hummingbird and can be identified by
it's dark purple/blue gorget (throat patch). The coppery Allen's
Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) can be easily confused with the
rarer Rufous Hummingbird. Allen's have a green back whereas the
Rufous has a copper back.
Female hummingbirds of every species lack the gorgets (throat
patch) the males have and are generally green/gray in color. The
female Allen's and Rufous will have some coppery-orange color.
The following plants are hummingbird favorites and are
drought-tolerant once established.
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Red or Scarlet Columbine: Interesting red and yellow flowers.
This heavy bloomer attracts hummingbirds and likes summer water,
especially when located in full sun. This charming plant grows from one to over three feet high, is branching and smooth, and has pretty light-green leaves and nodding flowers, which are over an inch and a half across. The outside of the corolla is pale-scarlet, veined and tipped with yellow, the inside is yellow and the spurs are erect and three quarters of an inch long. The flower resembles the Scarlet Columbine of the East, but the plant is taller, with fewer flowers. It is common in moist, rich woods in Yosemite and the Coast Ranges, from the foothills well up to the alpine zone.
Nevin's Barberry:
Does well in sunny well drained locations in the Bay Area. Great
companion to matilija poppy and Salvia clevelandii. Very drought
tolerant but best with occasional water. Probably somewhat deer
resistant. Absolutely striking in full bloom, Nevin's barberry
is endemic to California, and nearly extinct in the wild.
Threatened by development, road maintenance and loss of critical
habitat protection in 2008, this hummingbird favorite occurs in
Los Angeles County, the San Gabriel Mountains and Riverside
County.
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Desert
Willow: The Desert Willow is an upright shrub or small
tree that grows to a height of 25 feet. The trunk grows up to 6
inches in diameter and has dark brown, scaly bark. The desert
willow has beautiful trumpet-like flowers that is sure to
attract hummingbirds. Drought tolerant, its showy flowers and
lacy foliage make it a very attractive tree for small spaces.
The desert willow is a graceful flowing California native plant
with curving branches.
Baja
Bush Snapdragon: This Baja
native will bloom throughout the year in many Southern
California areas. This hummingbird favorite prefers well drained
soils. An extremely fast growing plant, the Baja bush snapdragon
will grow to 3-4 feet in height and 3-4 feet wide. This
California native plant should be pruned 1-2 times per year to
control shape. An absolute favorite of hummingbirds, the Baja
bush snapdragon is a must for your hummingbird garden. |
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Hummingbird Sage:
A fragrant plant, the hummingbird sage is as its name suggests,
a favorite for hummingbirds. Recommended under the shade of
oaks, this native California plant will slowly grow to form a
colony. Hummingbird Sage is an one foot high perennial that
spreads by rhizomes. This sage is native to coastal California
from Napa to Orange. As the name implies Hummingbirds work this
species very heavily. The regular form grows in the Santa Lucia
mountains to the Santa Monica mountains under oaks.
Red Fairyduster:
Red fairyduster, or zapotillo as it is also called, is useful as
a foundation planting, as an informal screen or as an accent.
This California native plant is allso recommended for sunny
patios. Its showy red flowers attract hummingbirds year round.
Extremely heat and drought-tolerant once established, the red
fairyduster is an excellent addition to your California
hummingbird garden.
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Hoary
Fuchsia: Hoary fuchsia is a much-branched, wooly,
perennial shrub slightly woody at the base that grows to 36" in
height. Rarely glandular, it has leaves that are densely
fascicled, mostly linear and generally grayish. The flowers are
composed of 4 scarlet sepals and 4 scarlet petals, and are very
similar to its close relative, California fuchsia. Showy red
trumpet-shaped blooms in summer and fall make the hoary fuchsia
a favorite of hummingbirds. Recommended for erosion control,
this California native plant seeds easily and tolerates heavy
soils.
Bladderpod:
The Bladderpod is a showy yellow blooming plant that produces
inflated, round seed pods. The leaves are fragrant, but some may
find the odor unpleasant. Drought tolerant, the bladderpod also
tolerates extra summer water. This California plant is deer
resistant and a favorite choice for hummingbirds in California. |
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