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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Mammals
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California is a large state, the 3rd largest
in the U.S.A., and depending on where you go, can range broadly
in habitat type and, also, climate. For this reason, California
plays host to a huge variety of fauna. From river otters and minks to bobcats,
pikas, and flying squirrels, California boasts a diverse and
intriguing fauna. But many of these animals can be secretive,
shy, and nocturnal and observing them in the wild can be
difficult. Most zoos are not only great places to get up close
to wildlife, but many are also doing their part to bolster
dwindling populations of animals still living free in the wild.
Of the 48 conterminous states, California embraces the greatest
diversity of climate and terrain. The state's six life zones are
the lower Sonoran (desert); upper Sonoran (foothill regions and
some coastal lands); transition (coastal areas and moist
northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic
zones, comprising California's highest elevations.
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Mammals found in the deserts of the lower
Sonoran zone include the jackrabbit, kangaroo
rat, squirrel, and opossum. The Texas night owl,
roadrunner, cactus wren, and various species of
hawk are common birds, and the sidewinder,
desert tortoise, and horned toad represent the
area's reptilian life.
The upper Sonoran zone is
home to such mammals as the antelope,
brown-footed woodrat, and ring-tailed cat. Birds
distinctive to this zone are the California
thrasher, bush tit, and California condor.
Animal life is abundant amid the forests of the
transition zone. Colombian black-tailed deer,
black bear, gray fox, cougar, bobcat, and
Roosevelt elk are found. Garter snakes and
rattlesnakes are common, as are such amphibians
as the water-puppy and redwood salamander. The
kingfisher, chickadee, towhee, and hummingbird
represent the bird life of this region.
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Mammals of the Canadian zone include the
mountain weasel, snowshoe hare, Sierra chickaree, and several
species of chipmunk. Conspicuous birds include the blue-fronted
jay, Sierra hermit thrush, water ouzel, and Townsend solitaire.
Birds become scarcer as one ascends to the Hudsonian zone, and
the wolverine is now regarded as rare.
Only one bird is native to the high Arctic region—the Sierra
rosy finch—but others often visit, including the hummingbird and
Clark nutcracker. Principal mammals of this region are also
visitors from other zones; the Sierra coney and white-tailed
jackrabbit make their homes here. The bighorn sheep also lives
in this mountainous terrain; as of April 2003, the bighorn sheep
was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Among fauna found throughout several zones are the mule deer,
coyote, mountain lion, red-shafted flicker, and several species
of hawk and sparrow.
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The Resources Agency of California's Department of Fish and Game
is especially active in listing and providing protection for
rare, threatened, and endangered fauna. Joint efforts by state
and federal wildlife agencies have established an ambitious, if
somewhat controversial, recovery program to revitalize the
dwindling population of the majestic condor, the largest bird
native to the US.
Preying mainly on mule deer is the magnificent Mountain Lion or
Cougar. This beautiful cat is not to be confused with its
slightly lighter cousin, the Bobcat. The Mountain Lion has a
tan-colored coat with a long and heavy tail, whereas the Bobcat
has a gray to brown coat, a whiskered face and distinctive
black-tufted ears.
California Mule Deer are found throughout California, especially in the High Sierra. More attacks on humans by deer occur than by bears each year. Although it appears to be tame and may even approach you, the California mule deer is a wild animal and may charge if it feels cornered or threatened.
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Black Bears are the only bear species left in California. Prior to the 1800's, Black Bears were accompanied by Grizzlies throughout California and the California High
Sierra Nevada mountains. Their color varies from pure black to brown, cinnamon, or blond. Adults weigh from 125 to more than 500 pounds.
Attracted by human food, California Black Bears cause thousands of dollars in property damage each year. When they continually succeed, they may become aggressive and must be destroyed. You can help prevent this from
happening. Store your food properly. Keep all food and anything with a strong odor away from your campsite and stored out of reach of bears using a bear hang or bear containers. By limiting their success we can help Black Bears give up their
dependence on human food and return to depending on natural food sources. Natural food sources of the Black Bear can include fawns or carrion but they subsist mostly on
vegetation.
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Bats
Bears
Bison
Bobcat
Chipmunks
& Squirrels
Deer & Elk
Feral Horses
Foxes
Gophers
Gray Wolf
Jaguar
Mice & Rats
Mountain Lion
Porcupine
Rabbits
& Hares
Raccoons
River Otter
Sheep
Shrews, Moles,
& Opossum Skunks
Weasels & Minks
Wolverine and Badger |
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