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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Plants
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California is home to 5,862 species,
subspecies, and varieties of native plants. This figure is
comparable to all the species in all the other states combined!
Of California's total plant population, 2,153 species,
subspecies, and varieties are endemic and native to California
alone. This botanical diversity stems not only from the size of the state, but also its diverse topographies, climates, and soils.
Some California native plants have extraordinary horticultural
appeal. Sometimes the appreciation was greater abroad first,
such as Lupines, (California Fuschias), and California Poppies
being cultivated in British and European gardens for over a
century.
Some of California's most interesting plants grow in the vast
deserts areas. Desert Plants have it tough. They bake in the
summer, freeze in the winter, and have to bear months without a
drop of rain. It may not seem like much of a life for a plant,
but surprisingly there is great diversity here. Since the desert
is so young, geologically speaking, plants are still
experimenting with different ways to survive.
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In the desert, there is often a thin line between dead and
alive, and desert plants have a bag of tricks to stay on the
living side of the line. Most have roots that reach wide or deep
to get every drop of water they can. After rains, cactus swell
like accordions, soaking up enough to see them through drier
days.
Desert Cactus bristle with needles, but what's
the point of all those spines? They make sharp defense against
clumsy hikers as well as hungry animals seeking cactus fruit or
flesh. But for cactus, needles have other good points, too.
Cactus lack leaves, so their needles help shade the plants from
too much sun. And they help keep cactus cool by acting like the
fins on a radiator into the air. In some cactus, downward
pointing needles collect mist and dew which drips down to water
their shallow roots.
Some people believe the desert is a lifeless place. In their view, the few
scraggly plants that grow here are of little value to people. This overlooks the
fact that native peoples survived in the desert for thousands of years through
their intimate knowledge and seasonal use of many desert plant species. Today, we are learning to appreciate desert plants for their stability to
conserve water. Homeowners use native desert plants to landscape their homes and
gardens. Instead of green, grassy lawns, yards now boast cactus, ocotillo,
agave, palo verde, and other water-stingy plants.
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It seems ironic that many of our native
plants are more popular in Europe than they are here at
home. What native plant list would be complete without the
flower chosen as the state emblem in 1903? The California poppy
is great for grassy slopes, foothills, along drives or in
naturalized gardens. Cup-shaped yellow, orange or white flowers
bloom from February sometimes through summer. A perennial more
often grown as an annual, this wildflower is easily grown from
seed and may intrude where it is not wanted.
Native plants have survived for millions of years and have
adapted to survive in our particular climate and soils. Many
have a symbiotic relationship with the native insects and
animals for pollination. Most natives are low-maintenance and
many of them are drought tolerant so you won’t be wasting
precious water. Lastly, natives require no fertilizer and invite
many pollinators to your yard; beneficial insects, backyard
birds, hummingbirds and butterflies. |
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The Coastal Strand plant community hugs the immediate coast of
California. If you can feel the salt spray, you are probably in
the Coastal Strand plant community. If you can feel the sea breeze but never experience wet salt spray (feels and tastes like a salt water spray) you're probably in the Coastal Sage Scrub plant community.
These two communities are adjacent to each other in many areas, but it is usually hard to tell where one leaves off and the other starts. Wind- exposed areas can have many Coastal Strand plants, while wind- protected areas can have many Coastal Sage Scrub plants.
Many coastal bluffs are covered with Coastal Strand plants because of salt spray; some are a hundred or more feet above the tide. We've seen knolls a mile or two back from the breakers that were partially covered with either Coastal Prairie or Coastal Strand plants.
The Coastal Strand plant community has been invaded in many
parts of the state with nasty plants like Pampas grass (Cortaderia
selloana), Iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) or European Beach Grass
(Ammophila arenaria).
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Mountain Meadows are a plant community found
within coniferous forests throughout California. It is very
similar to a seasonal marsh. Mountain Meadows are covered by
snow in the winter and are abuzz with life in spring. Many forms
of wildlife use and require this type of habitat. The
surrounding forest provides cover for birds that use the meadow
as a source of insects or seeds.
It is fairly easy to simulate a mountain meadow in your garden.
Most of the plant species that occur in a mountain meadow can
tolerate garden water as well as fertility. This is also one of
the few California native plant communities that does not prefer
mulch. One of the best places to put mountain meadow species is
around your lawn edges, in sunny places. In this location you
may need to watch out for invasive species. |
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