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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Raccoon
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The raccoon, or simply "coon", is one animal
that most people are well-acquainted with. Raccoons are common
throughout the state and occur everywhere there are trees, the
cavities of which they often use. The raccoon (Procyon lotor)
is about the size of a small dog, and is most notable for its
black mask and bushy ringed tail. Both raccoons and ringtails
can be found in California nature.
Ringtail cats are not related to the cat
family but are really members of the raccoon family. Ringtails
are cat sized animals that resemble a mix between a fox and a
raccoon. The face is fox-like, with a pointed snout, and the
body is raccoon-like and elongated. The top side of the animal
is yellow to dark brown or black, and the underside is a whitish
buff. The ears and eyes are large and the eyes are ringed by
white fur. The tail is very bushy and can be longer than the
head and body in many cases. It is also marked by 14-16
alternating black and white bands for which the animal is named
There is no mistaking a raccoon for any other animal. Its stout,
bear-like body, prominent black mask and heavily furred, ringed
tail all are distinctive. Adult raccoons are about 2 to 3 feet
long (including their 10-inch tail) and weigh anywhere from 10
to 30 pounds.
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Raccoons are one of the few
wild species that appears to have benefited from
contact with humans, and they have adapted
remarkably well to life in our cities and towns.
Wild animals who are willing and able to live among humans are usually generalists, tolerating widely different habitats and eating many different foods. Studies show that the densities raccoons achieve in urban areas can be up to 20 times that typical in rural environments.
Raccoons are not fussy about their choice of food. Although classified as a carnivore, the raccoon eats as much or more plant as animal matter during the year. When fruits, acorns, vegetables and seeds are ripe and available, they will feed heavily on them. At other times and places they will specialize in eggs, insects, crayfish, frogs, fish and small mammals. They'll eat dead animals that they encounter; they'll raid bird feeders and pet food bowls when they're kept full; and they'll check out garbage cans that aren't secured..
A raccoon's color generally is a grizzled
salt-and-pepper gray and black with a light
belly. Often the "white" hairs are noticeably
yellowish. Both all-black and all-white animals
sometimes occur.
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Raccoons are usually active at night, and by day they retire to
dens or resting sites. Dens are made above ground in tree
cavities, chimneys and attics, as well as underground in old
woodchuck burrows, storm sewers or crawl spaces under buildings.
When they feel secure enough, raccoons may simply lie in
thickets or swamps on open ground.
At least as intelligent as cats or dogs, raccoons possess far
greater manual dexterity as well as a highly developed sense of
touch. In fact, the word "raccoon" is derived from arakun,
an Algonquin word meaning "he scratches with his hands."
It was once thought that raccoons' familiar "washing" of foods
demonstrated hygienic instincts. But in truth, raccoons don't
wash everything they eat. They manipulate food, dunking and
soaking it when water is available, and so appear to be washing
it. However, when water is not convenient, they use many of the
same motions in handling food. The behavior probably more
accurately reflects a need to tactually experience things than
it does to clean them. |
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The Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) is a mammal of the raccoon family, thus not actually a cat.
Also known as the Ringtail cat, Ring-tailed cat or Miner's cat,
it is native to arid regions of North America,
including parts of California.
Smaller than a housecat, the Ringtail is buff to
dark brown in color with white underparts and a
flashy black and white striped tail that has
14-16 white and black stripes, which is longer
than the rest of its body. The claws are short,
straight, and semi-retractable. Ringtail eyes
are large and purple, each surrounded by a patch
of light fur.
The range of the ringtail
in the United States covers southwestern Oregon,
California, southern Nevada, southern Utah,
western Colorado, and southern Kansas through
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas In
California, the ringtail is distributed in most
all parts of the state. The distribution occurs
mainly on the Pacific drainage slope from the
Oregon boundary west of the longtiude of Mount
Shasta to Ventura County. The distribution of
these species can be considered continuous. The
home range of the ringtail occurs from about sea
level to 9600 feet in elevation. In California,
ranges each animal covered varied from 44-515
hectares or 109-1280 acres
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Ringtails are
primarily carnivorous but also do eat other food like plants,
fruit, and insects. Their diets generally consist of small
mammals (rodents, rabbits, squirrels), small birds, insects
(spiders, grasshoppers, crickets, centipedes, scorpions), and
fruits (persimmon, mistletoe, hackberries). As well, the diet
varies throughout the year. In the fall, it consists of mostly
plants and insects; in winter, mammals and birds; and in summer,
insects
Ringtails mate in late winter and a litter of three or four young are born in May or June. The gestation period is 45–50 days, during which the male will procure food for the female. There will be 2-4 cubs in a litter. The cubs open their eyes after a month, and will hunt for themselves after four months. They reach sexual maturity at ten months. The ringtail's lifespan in the wild is about seven years
The ankle joint of the ringtail cat is flexible and able to rotate over 180 degrees, a trait helping make it an agile climber. Their considerable tail provides balance for negotiating narrow ledges and limbs, even allowing them to reverse directions by performing a cartwheel. Ringtails also can ascend narrow passages by pressing all feet on one wall and their back against the other or pressing both right feet on one wall and both left feet on the other,
and wider cracks or openings by ricocheting between the walls.
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Bats
Bears
Bison
Bobcat
Chipmunks
& Squirrels
Deer & Elk
Feral Horses
Foxes
Gophers
Gray Wolf
Jaguar
Mice & Rats
Mountain Lion
Porcupine
Rabbits
& Hares
Raccoons
River Otter
Sheep
Shrews, Moles,
& Opossum Skunks
Weasels & Minks
Wolverine and Badger |
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