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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Raptors
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Raptors are commonly known as birds of prey,
hunting live meat for food. raptors that are active during the
day like hawks, falcons, and eagles are known as diurnal.
Nocturnal birds are active during the night, and include raptors
such as owls.
Three physical characteristics set raptors apart from other
birds: (1) strong grasping feet with sharp talons used to seize
prey, (2) a hooked or hook-tipped beak used to kill and consume
prey, and (3) a diet that consists entirely of meat. Raptors
also have great eyesight, but a poor sense of smell. In many
ecosystems, raptors can be found near the top of the food chain,
making them ideal indicators of ecosystem health.
Raptors are the charismatic group of birds that includes hawks,
eagles, and falcons. They evoke power, swiftness, and grace.
Raptors, or birds of prey, gaze calmly about while at rest,
exuding confidence and nobility, and, while soaring aloft, they
are absolute icons of the California landscape.
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Nothing captures the essence of wild California better than the sight of a bird of prey soaring over sun-bleached hills and valleys.
Their majestic stature, large size and sheer numbers make them an ideal focus of your fall wildlife viewing. Thirty-four species of hawks, owls, eagles, falcons and vultures can be found throughout the state. As winter approaches, many birds of prey, also known as raptors, migrate into the state from colder areas to the north.
Certain areas, such as Hawk Hill in Marin County, provide spectacular views of hundreds of raptors soaring past on their travels south. The search for food drives most raptors to warmer climates where rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles and insects remain plentiful.
Any small or young pet must be protected day and night from predatory birds. Eagles & hawks will typically hunt by day, but owls are night hunters who join in with other four legged predators looking for anything small, and the easier the better!
They don't know the difference between your pet
ducks or little chicks and the wild ducks and
birds they normally feed on. They will pick one
up and be gone in seconds.
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The family Accipitridae is a family of birds
of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World
vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for
tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and
keen eyesight. There are 233 species world wide, 28 North
American species, and 18 Californian species. The Red-tail is the largest hawk, usually
weighing between 2 and 4 pounds. As with most raptors, the
female is nearly 1/3 larger than the male and may have a wing
span of 56 inches. This species shows a great deal of individual
variation in plumage. The adult has a rufous-colored tail that
may or may not have a black terminal bar.
Adults are dark brown on the back and the top of their wings.
The underside of the bird is usually light with a dark belly
band, and a cinnamon wash on the neck and chest. Immatures
resemble the adults except their tail is brown with dark bars;
the red- tail molts in during its second year.
The adult Red-tailed Hawk is easily identified, for when it
leaves its perch on slow, measured wing beats, or turns while
soaring overhead, the broad, rounded tail shows a rich, russet
red, hence the name. Within its range, its frequent soaring and
loud voice are a good pointer. |
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Typical owls are small to large solitary
nocturnal birds of prey. They have large
forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak,
and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each
eye called a facial disk. There are 13
Californian species of owls, including the great
horned owl. The Great horned owl has a wide
range and habitat, but are always a permanent
resident of their chosen territory. There are
almost no predators to the adult Great Horned
Owl, however they are at times killed in fights
with eagles, snowy owls and many times other
great horns, which does end in cannibalism at
times. The Great Horned Owl will sit at night,
on a high tree or perch, waiting for a prey
animal and then swoop down on it, and usually do
not miss their strike. Great horned owl prey
will include rats, squirrels, mice, moles,
voles, marmots, skunks, shrews, bats, weasels,
gerbils and even porcupines.
The Great Horned Owl has incredible hearing and
excellent vision in very low light. Their
hearing is much better so far as depth
perception than that of a human.. This is
possible because their ears are not placed at
the same elevation on their heads but rather are
typically one, a bit higher than the other. One
interesting fact about Great Horned owls is that
their eyes are not movable. Rather than turning
the eye in its socket the owl must turn its head
instead. Great Horned Owls are some of the
earliest-breeders in North America, many times
breeding in mid to late January or early
February. They select their mates in December
and are often heard calling to each other.
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The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World
vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent
evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers.
However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by
sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which
they locate carcasses. The three Californian species
include the black vulture, the turkey vulture, and the
California condor. New World vultures do not build nests. This
species lays its eggs in a cave, between large rocks, at the
base of a tree, or in a hollow stump. The female lays 2 eggs
that are incubated by both parents for 38 - 45 days. The young
vultures fledge at about 3 months old, but stay with the parents
in a social group for years.
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the
falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites
in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There
are six Californian species: the Crested Caracara, the Common Kestrel,
the American Kestrel, the Merlin, the Gyrfalcon, the Peregrine Falcon,
and the Prairie Falcon.
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Blackbirds
California Condor
Cardinals
Cranes
Crows, Jays,
& Magpies
Eagles
Finches
Flycatchers
Hawks
Hummingbirds
Owls
Game Birds
Raptors
Shore Birds
Sparrows
Tanager
Thrushes
Vultures
Wading Birds
Warblers
Woodpeckers
Wrens |
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