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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Reptiles
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California is a large state, the 3rd largest
in the U.S.A., and depending on where you go, can range broadly
in habitat type and, also, climate. For this reason, California
plays host to a huge variety of fauna. From river otters and minks to bobcats,
pikas, and flying squirrels, California boasts a diverse and
intriguing fauna. But many of these animals can be secretive,
shy, and nocturnal and observing them in the wild can be
difficult. Most zoos are not only great places to get up close
to wildlife, but many are also doing their part to bolster
dwindling populations of animals still living free in the wild.
Of the 48 conterminous states, California embraces the greatest
diversity of climate and terrain. The state's six life zones are
the lower Sonoran (desert); upper Sonoran (foothill regions and
some coastal lands); transition (coastal areas and moist
northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic
zones, comprising California's highest elevations.
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Mammals found in the deserts of the lower
Sonoran zone include the jackrabbit, kangaroo
rat, squirrel, and opossum. The Texas night owl,
roadrunner, cactus wren, and various species of
hawk are common birds, and the sidewinder,
desert tortoise, and horned toad represent the
area's reptilian life.
The upper Sonoran zone is
home to such mammals as the antelope,
brown-footed woodrat, and ring-tailed cat. Birds
distinctive to this zone are the California
thrasher, bush tit, and California condor.
Animal life is abundant amid the forests of the
transition zone. Colombian black-tailed deer,
black bear, gray fox, cougar, bobcat, and
Roosevelt elk are found. Garter snakes and
rattlesnakes are common, as are such amphibians
as the water-puppy and redwood salamander. The
kingfisher, chickadee, towhee, and hummingbird
represent the bird life of this region.
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Mammals of the Canadian zone include the
mountain weasel, snowshoe hare, Sierra chickaree, and several
species of chipmunk. Conspicuous birds include the blue-fronted
jay, Sierra hermit thrush, water ouzel, and Townsend solitaire.
Birds become scarcer as one ascends to the Hudsonian zone, and
the wolverine is now regarded as rare.
Only one bird is native to the high Arctic region, the Sierra
rosy finch, but others often visit, including the hummingbird and
Clark nutcracker. Principal mammals of this region are also
visitors from other zones; the Sierra coney and white-tailed
jackrabbit make their homes here. The bighorn sheep also lives
in this mountainous terrain; as of April 2003, the bighorn sheep
was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Among fauna found throughout several zones are the mule deer,
coyote, mountain lion, red-shafted flicker, and several species
of hawk and sparrow.
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Snakes have long bodies with no legs. They crawl on their bellies. Some are excellent climbers, most can swim.
The body is covered with dry skin with visible scales, which may be smooth or rough, and might appear wet or slimy.
Snakes can be found on land, in water, in trees and shrubs, underneath objects, and in holes in the ground.
They can be active at any time during the day or night, but many species are mostly either diurnal or nocturnal.
Snakes can be seen whenever there is warm weather. Rarely in winter.
Lizards have four legs and a tail. An exception is the legless
lizard which has no legs, and looks like a snake. Also, some
lizards may have no tail because it has come off. The skin of a
lizard is dry and covered with scales. The majority of lizards
are active during daylight. Exceptions are geckos and some night
lizards which are active at night. Lizards are typically seen
actively moving about in daylight, or sitting still in the sun.
They are also found hiding underneath objects and debris,
usually in sunny areas.
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Exceptions are skinks and some alligator and
legless lizards, which prefer more moist environments. Lizards
can be seen whenever there is warm weather, including
occasionally in the winter, especially in the south. Salamanders
can be mistaken for lizards, as they have four legs, a tail, and
a similar body pattern, but they will have smooth, moist skin,
and generally they are found hiding underneath something in a
moist and usually shady area, usually during cool wet weather.
Turtles are distinct from all other reptiles (and amphibians) in California, due to their large, rounded shell.
Turtles are almost always found in or near water, often basking on branches or logs in the water. The Desert Tortoise, however, is found on land in the desert, usually far from water. Seaturtles will be found in the open ocean, or on a beach, but they are rarely seen in California.
Most turtles are active during daylight during warm weather, including sunny winter days.
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Non-Venomous Snakes
Venomous Snakes
Lizards
Turtles |
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