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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Marine Plants
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The classic images of California are those
of sunny beaches, redwoods, and the Sierra Nevada. Yet
California is also a land of rivers, about ninety of them, with
thousands of forks, branches, and creeks. Totaling 194,000
miles, they cover more area than those of any other state but
Alaska.
Depended on by nearly 25 million Californians for drinking
water, thousands of farmers, and the state’s commercial and
sport salmon fishing industries, the Sacramento-San Joaquin
river system is arguably California’s single most important
natural resource.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is the largest watershed
in California, accounting for 40 percent of the run-off. The
Delta drains the west slope of the Sierra Nevada into San
Francisco Bay - the largest estuary on the West Coast. National
Geographic called the Delta the hydraulic heart of California. |
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It once supported millions of salmon and other fish, wintering
habitat for millions of migratory birds, herds of tule elk, and even grizzly bear. Now
many fish are endangered and the river is on the verge
of collapse. Forty percent of the river’s flow is diverted to provide drinking water for 25 million Californians and irrigation water to cultivate half the nation’s fruits and vegetables. Dams, levees, and agricultural development
have eliminated over ninety five percent of floodplain and freshwater tidal marsh habitats. Despite these insults, the
system still provides critical habitat for birds migrating along the pacific flyway and a substantial portion of the
Pacific salmon fishery in California and Oregon.
The Sacramento River is an important watercourse of Northern and Central California. The largest river in California, it rises on the eastern slopes of the Klamath Mountains, and after a journey south of over 400 miles, empties into Suisun Bay, an arm of the San Francisco Bay, and thence to the Pacific Ocean. The river drains an area of about 27,000 square miles in the northern half of the state, mostly within a region bounded by the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada known as the Sacramento Valley. Its extensive watershed also reaches to the volcanic plateaus of Northeastern California, and a tiny portion of southern Oregon.
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Cascading out of the mountains of southern
Oregon, the Klamath River runs free for over 200 miles through
the Siskiyou mountains of northern California. Feisty fish and
fierce rapids are the calling cards for the Upper Klamath,
California’s second-longest river.
Located in the Klamath River valley just north of
Mount Shasta, the Middle Klamath is an
ideal river trip for first-timers, families with children as
young as four, or river veterans looking for solitude and
relaxation.
In addition to the many Class 2 rapids, you’ll be exploring side
creeks, swimming, or floating, in the warm water, and
discovering deer and turtles along the riverbank.
The upper Klamath River is a wild, isolated section of the river
and slices through the rugged Cascade Mountains of southern
Oregon and northern California. With unparalleled wilderness
beauty and over 30 major rapids, the Upper Klamath’s “Hell’s
Corner Gorge” is one of the west’s finest Class 4 river trips.
Just above “Hell’s Corner” the river narrows and steepens,
creating a volcanic maze of whitewater. |
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For millions of years the Colorado River has left its mark on the land. Since the river was formed, it has been hard at work cutting great chasms, including the Grand Canyon, as it carved its 1,400-mile course from Colorado's Rocky Mountains to the Sea of Cortez.
Much of the
Southwest gets its water supply from the Colorado river that
runs right though the middle of three major deserts on its way
to the Sea of Cortez. The Colorado river and the use of its
water has shaped the history of Arizona, California,
Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah, which all depend on the
Colorado River and its tributaries for water.
Early settlers along the Colorado tried to alter the river's impact on the land by diverting its waters for irrigation. But each year the Colorado, fed by melting snows in the spring and early summer, flooded low-lying lands along its route, destroying lives, crops, and property. In late summer and early fall, the river often dried to a trickle, too low to divert. Without water, crops and livestock withered and died.
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The Salinas River is the largest river of the central coast of California, running 170 miles and draining 4,160 square miles. It flows north-northwest and drains the Salinas Valley that slices through the Coast Range south from Monterey Bay. The Salinas is a wildlife corridor, and provides the principal source of water from its reservoirs and tributaries for the farms and vineyards of the valley.
The Arroyo Seco River is the only Salinas River tributary which remains
undammed, explaining why it supports the most persistent
remnants of the threatened Central Coast Steelhead trout that spawn in the Salinas River watershed. It is also an important middle link for salmon migrating from the Salinas River to Tassajara Creek and other tributaries. A 2001 assessment of steelhead habitat of the Arroyo Seco River and its Piney Creek tributary found high potential for steelhead population restoration.
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