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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: San Bernardino Mountains
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The San Bernardino
Mountains are a short transverse mountain range north and east of San Bernardino in Southern California. The mountains run for approximately 60 miles east-west on the southern edge of the
Mojave Desert in southwestern San Bernardino County, north of the city of San Bernardino. The range is separated from the San Gabriel Mountains to the west by Cajon Pass, and from the San Jacinto Mountains to the south and southeast by Banning Pass. The southern extent of the range is bounded by the
San Andreas Fault. The highest peaks in the range include San Gorgonio Mountain (elevation 11,499 feet), the highest peak in southern California, and other peaks of the San Gorgonio Wilderness. The range is also a drainage divide for the Salton Watershed to the west.
The mountain range is also the location of four popular recreational destinations in the Inland Empire area: Crestline, Lake Arrowhead, Running Springs and Big Bear Lake. |
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Centuries ago Big Bear was well known only
by the local Indians and the grizzly bears that claimed the area
as their own. Until the mid 1800's, the Serrano Indians hunted
and gathered food throughout the Big Bear area. In 1845,
Benjamin D. Wilson led a group of rough-riding Californians
through the pine forest and into the valley. Once Wilson
discovered this "Island in the Sky", it became home to trappers,
hunters and prospectors. Big Bear features many different
microclimates. While the general climate is Alpine, large areas
in the East Valley and in Cactus Flats have High Desert climate
and scattered throughout the valley are pockets of marshes,
springs, meadows and wetlands. Few places on Earth offer as much
habitat diversity as are available in Big Bear. Champion Lodgepole Pine Trail is through a forest of Jeffrey Pines,
Lodgepole Pines and White Firs. The trail is about a half a mile
long and ends at one of the largest Lodgepole Pines in
California. There is a small stream and meadows in this area, so
the vegetation is lush and satisfying to experience. This is
also a self-guided trail with stations of information for those
who are interested in knowing the names of trees and plants in
this area.
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Lake Arrowhead is located on the western end
of the San Bernardino Mountains at around 5,500 feet. As a scenic mountain resort in the
San Bernardino Mountains, Lake Arrowhead's economy is almost completely
supported by
tourism, both by casual vacationers and part-time residents. The primary
tourism industries include real estate, lodging, dining, recreation, and retail
sales. While Lake Arrowhead has no official town center, the Lake Arrowhead Village
serves as the main commercial area for both locals and tourists and includes a
number of factory outlets, boutiques, restaurants, and a supermarket. The Lake
Arrowhead Communities have a unique climate for Southern
California with four distinct seasons that support an array of
outdoor recreational activity and year round beauty. The area
receives about 300 annual days of sunshine per year. |
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The wild lands of the San Bernardino and San
Jacinto Mountain Ranges were designated a National Forest more
than a hundred years ago. The San Bernardino National Forest
serves as southern California's outdoor year-around recreation
destination, as well as providing valuable watershed
protection. Drive the scenic Rim of the World Scenic Byway and
Palms to Pines Scenic Byways to discover your local National
Forest. Originally, the forest was home to Native Americans,
since long before recorded history. Mexican and European
settlements occurred sporadically for the first half of the 19th
century, but the chain of events that led to the creation of the
National Forest in 1893 really began after California became
part of the United States in 1848. In 1855, gold was discovered
in the San Bernardino mountains. Over the second half of the
19th century, mining, timber, and grazing grew quickly, taking a
heavy toll on the land. By the end of the 19th century,
significant sectors of the forest had been felled and
overgrazed. Streams and rivers were silting in and water quality
was declining. Meanwhile a growing population and a thriving
citrus industry made increasing demands for clean drinking and
irrigation water.
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The shorter Little San
Bernardino Mountains extend southeast from the range along the
eastern side of the Coachella Valley. The Little San
Bernardino Mountains are a short mountain range extending for approximately 40 miles southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains through San Bernardino and Riverside Counties to near the northeast edge of the Salton Sink and Salton Sea. Much of the eastern end of the range is within
Joshua Tree National Park. Big Morongo Canyon Preserve is also located in the Little San Bernardino Mountains. The oasis here contains one of the ten largest Cottonwood (Populus sect. Aegiros) and Red Willow (Salix laevigata) Riparian zone habitats in California. It was identified as an area of concern by the Bureau of Land Management in 1982. The only native palm to California, Washingtonia filifera, or the Desert fan palm which is an endangered species in nature while prevalent in gardens. The Colorado River Aqueduct, which provides drinking water for Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego, runs along the southwest edge of the mountains.
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