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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: San Elijo Lagoon
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The San Elijo Lagoon is one of few remaining
coastal wetlands of San Diego County and home to an exceptional
number of animals and plants. It lies along the coast between
the cities of Solana Beach and Encinitas of San Diego County,
extending inland to Rancho Santa Fe.
The lagoon is part of San Elijo Lagoon Ecological Reserve, a
county and state regional park of nearly 1,000 acres of diverse
habitat including six plant communities: coastal strand, salt
marsh, brackish/freshwater marsh, riparian scrub, coastal sage
scrub and mixed chaparral. In the reserve you can access over
seven miles of trails via eight trailheads and encounter a wide
variety of flora and fauna.
San Elijo Lagoon is primarily a shallow-water estuary. It is
divided into basins by Highway 101, the railway, and Interstate
5. A century of artificial constriction has resulted in
reduction of the natural ability of the estuary to open to the
ocean. In recent years successful efforts by the county, state,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the San Elijo Lagoon
Conservancy have improved the water quality by dredging open the
inlet allowing a tidal exchange critical to the health of the
estuary. |
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There are over 5 miles of hiking trails in the
reserve open to the public. These trails can be
reached from the north end of Rios Avenue, Santa
Carina Drive and Santa Helena Drive on the south
side of the lagoon in Solana Beach and along El
Camino Real at Orilla Creek in Rancho Santa Fe
at the east end.
A walk along the five miles of trails will take
you through five plant communities, where you’ll
encounter many of the more than 300 species of
plants, 16 species of reptiles and amphibians,
and 26 species of mammals. The lagoon is
especially known for its bird life. At least 300
species have been seen here, 76 of which are
classified as sensitive.
The Nature Center is located at 2710 Manchester
Avenue in Encinitas on the northwest side of the
reserve. It offers exhibits that detail the
lagoon’s plant and animal communities, its
fascinating history, and the various natural and
human influences that affect this sensitive
ecosystem. Please note that as an ecological
reserve, San Elijo Lagoon has no developed
facilities on the southern trails. However,
restrooms and water are available at the nature
center.
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As one of Southern California's and San Diego's prime birding location, the
Reserve attracts birdwatchers from around the country and indeed the world.
Nearly 300 species of birds either live here or visit during
their long seasonal migrations. Some 20 species of fish live in
the lagoon, and 26 species of mammals live on the shore. San Elijo Lagoon is also popular with trail runners, who enjoy an early morning
workout amidst the tranquil scenery.
The Conservancy offers free guided nature walks on every second
Saturday of the month, and many of the trails have interpretive
signage and interpretive trail guides to assist the intrepid
explorer discover and appreciate the Reserve's amazing diversity
of plants and animals. The reserve is open during daylight hours
only, and the nature center is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily
except Christmas Day.
The eastern portion of San Elijo Lagoon offers a less-traveled
trail that winds through forests of eucalyptus and a few Torrey
pines before it emerges into the coastal sage scrub for glimpses
of the namesake lagoon. |
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Native American tribes hunted and gathered along
the shores of the estuary at least 8,000 years
before European settlers arrived. Shell middens,
the refuse of hunting-gathering societies, show
the earliest inhabitants relied heavily on
coastal resources, including foods such as
scallops, clams, shark, barracuda, bonito, and
abalone. The ocean provided such a rich and
constant source of food. These early people
stayed at the coast for long periods. More
recently, the Kumeyaay occupied the area. They
traveled seasonally to take advantage of
resources both along the coast and inland.
Between 1880 and 1940 dikes and levees were
built that allowed duck hunting, salt
harvesting, and sewage settling ponds. The most
permanent changes were the construction of the
railroad, Pacific Coast Highway, and Interstate
5. Each required supporting berms that
restricted water circulation and the natural
influx of ocean water.
To help protect this coastal wetland, the county
and the California Department of Fish and Game
periodically open the lagoon mouth by dredging,
so the freshwater and seawater can mingle as
they would naturally.
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San Elijo Lagoon feels a little more remote than its neighbor to
the north, Batiquitos Lagoon. The San Elijo trail meanders
very close to the actual lagoon and skirts along the sometimes
muddy edge. It is dif .cult to feel like you are away from the
city, but you can almost get a sense of solitude here. You
wander among well-trodden paths that showcase the variety of
wetland plants and birds, and if you take the time to imagine,
you can picture yourself in a bygone era.
The San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy is a nonprofit land trust
working to preserve, protect, and enhance San Elijo Lagoon
Ecological Reserve and its watershed. It depends upon the
financial support of individuals and foundations in order to
provide educational materials, maintain the health of the lagoon
and acquire additional acreage. |
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