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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Shrubland Ecosystem
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California's boundaries cover almost 156,000
square miles. It includes many diverse ecosystems including
redwood forests, kelp forests and Death Valley's deserts.
According to the California Chaparral Institute, the shrubland
ecosystem is the most prevalent ecosystem in California with
over 4 million acres.
An ecosystem encompasses all the living organisms and the
physical features of an area. It also includes the interactions
between them. An ecosystem stands apart from others because of
its dominant feature, for example ocean, desert, forest or
estuarine ecosystems. A habitat refers to a single population of
organisms within the ecosystem.
Sparse and low-growing vegetation characterizes the shrubland
ecosystem or California chaparral. This ecosystem experiences
dry summers and winter rains. Some of the organisms native to
the chaparral include Chaparral yucca, sage and the big-eared
wood rat.
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For a number of reasons, shrubland ecosystems have been
delegated as second class environments when compared to forests
or grasslands. While forests provided cover, and grasslands a
place to hunt, but shrublands have often been seen as the stuff
that gets in the way of the forester or the rancher.
With chains dragged between tractors, abuse by fire, and the
application of herbicides, humans have attempted to remove
shrubs from the landscape. Such shortsighted approaches to land
management have usually resulted in dire consequences for the
natural environment. The shrubland ecosystem provides incredibly
diverse habitats for the majority of animal life in many
regions.
California Sage Scrub is a special plant community dominated by
aromatic semi-woody, and semi-deciduous drought-tolerant shrubs.
Often referred to as "soft chaparral," the California sage scrub
can be found on south facing slopes on coastal and inland
mountains from north-central to southern California and into
Baja California.
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The chaparral is special plant community dominated by woody,
drought-hardy shrubs, shaped by a
Mediterranean-type climate with summer drought, winter
rain, and infrequent wildfire. A chaparral environment is found
in California, southern Oregon, northern Baja California, and a
few unique places in Arizona.
Chaparral lands are the closest natural neighbor to many of
California’s densest population centers, and shrubland
vegetation provides crucial values for watershed
protection, recreation, and wildlife. But proximity to people
poses major threats.
From the coastal mesas and mountain foothills of the southern
California and Northern Baja California to the foothills of the
Sierra Nevada mountains to Big Sur and Sonoma,
chaparral-dominated shrublands form a sublime natural carpet of
vegetation over rugged terrain. |
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Wildlife populations in chaparral tend to be comparatively low,
particularly in dense continuous stands. However, both the
desert mule deer and whitetail deer are important species found
in chaparral. Species such as antelope, collared peccary, and
Gambel's quail are found in fringe areas. Badgers, bobcats,
coyotes, gray foxes, and skunks are found in chaparral,
depending partly on the availability of food supplies, such as
small rodents. Ordinarily, the chaparral type does not support
fisheries resources. Streamflow for untreated areas is often
limited in amount, and is intermittent. Even where water
supplies may be more adequate, access difficulties for fishermen
could limit utilization of a fisheries resource.
Average annual precipitation varies from about 14 inches at the
lower limits of the chaparral shrubland type to 30 inches at the
higher elevations. Approximately 60 % of the annual
precipitation occurs as rain or snow between November and April.
Summer rains occur in July and August, which are the wettest
months of the year. Annual potential evapotranspiration rates
can approach 35 inches.
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Both tourists and seasoned Californians love the chaparral at all times of the year, when it is
brown and rusty in late summer, as well as when the winter rains have brought
out the greens of the different foliages. Chaparral soils are typically
coarse-textured, deep, and poorly developed. Granites occur on
more than half of the shrublands. The topography is
characterized by mountain ranges dissected by steep-walled
gorges and canyons.
The mission of The Chaparral Lands Conservancy is to
protect shrubland ecosystems as an integral and beautiful
feature of California’s natural landscape through land
preservation and stewardship. The Conservancy was founded in
2009 by veteran San Diego environmental advocate David Hogan to
advance the conservation of shrublands, related ecosystems,
dependent plants and animals and especially endangered species. |
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