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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Thrushes
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The Thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. There are 335 species world wide, 28 North American species, and 15 Californian species.
Thrushes are interesting birds because they can be so varied in both size and coloration. Smaller birds like the Hermit Thrush and Swainson's Thrush can be difficult to see, but instantly
recognizable by their distinct songs. Many people consider
thrushes the most beautiful-sounding songbirds in North America.
Birders describe their songs as “airy,” “flutelike” and
“haunting.” Each species of thrush has a distinctive pattern to
its song.
Larger members like American Robins and Varied Thrushes can be easier to observe, with the latter more secretive than the former. American Robins can be found foraging in lawns across the U.S., while Varied Thrushes like to stick to the shaded tree tops. A group of thrushes are collectively known as a "hermitage" and a "mutation" of thrushes.
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The Western Bluebird is a delicate little bird with a charming personality. It has the characteristic eye ring and rufus breast of the thrush family. It is not as bold as an American Robin. It has a temperament similar to that of the Hermit thrush, but
occasionally gets irritated by other birds.
The Western Bluebird is a common sight in
parklands of the West. Unlike the other
species of bluebirds, it does not like large
meadows, preferring open forests instead.
Occasionally Western Bluebirds have helpers
at the nest. Most of the extra birds
attending nests are helping their presumed
parents, some after their own nests have
failed. Western Bluebirds can be helped by
birds far beyond family members.
Violet-green Swallows have been observed
feeding and defending nests of Western
Bluebirds.
Numbers of Western Bluebirds are declining
in California and Arizona, as well as in
other parts of range. This bluebird hunts
from perches and drops onto ground to catch
prey. Using both flycatching and gleaning,
the Western bluebird may beat large prey
against ground or branch before eating.
Western bluebirds make their nest from dry
grasses, straw, conifer needles, fur,
string, or cedar bark strips, nesting in
crevices between bark and stumps or other
cavities in trees. |
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The Swainson's Thrush is a summer visitor along the coast of
California. At
night this bird migrates up from Mexico and Central America in
the summer. They just come to visit us in the summer. The Swainson's Thrush uses dense brushy areas along the coast of
California. In the inland valleys it frequents oak woodlands as
well as riparian pant communities.
The Swainson's Thrush forages
in the leaf litter for insects and spiders. They also glean them
from shrubs. Adults are brown on the upperparts. The underparts
are white with brown on the flanks; the breast is lighter brown
with darker spots. They have pink legs and a light brown eye
ring. This bird's song is a hurried series of flute-like tones
spiraling upwards.
The Swainson’s Thrush has become alarmingly rare throughout the Sierra
Nevada. They have become extirpated from many locations where
they were formerly regularly breeding summer residents, such as
Yosemite Valley and Whitaker’s Forest.
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The American Robin is a member of the Bluebird and Thrush
family. It's called the 'American' robin because it was named
after a similar (though smaller) bird found in Great Britain.
The male robin's most striking feature is his red/orange breast
and belly. They have gray-brown back and tail feathers with a
slightly darker head. Their white throat is streaked with black
and their undertail coverts are white. They have brown legs and
a thin yellow bill that they use for pecking worms and insects
out of the ground.
The female robin's coloring is quite similar to the male, but
everything is a slightly paler color. The young robins also look
similar, but have a heavily spotted breast. The main diet of the
American Robin is berries. This is supplemented by insects,
larva and worms. At times, the robin will cock its head to the
side toward the ground. It looks a bit like he's listening for
the worms crawling under the ground, but really he's watching
the ground for the tiny movements that would indicate a worm is
traveling close to the surface.
The female robin is in charge of
nest construction. She takes 2 to 6 days to make the nest, using
mud mixed with grass or small twigs. She uses her bill and feet
to mould the nest into a cup shape and then adds a final lining
of grass. |
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The song of the wood thrush is so beautiful
it inspired Handel to write a piece of music in the bird's
honor. There is no more lovely a sound than the loud, flute-like
song, ending in a trill, of this songbird.
The wood thrush is large and plump, reddish-brown above and
whitish below, with large dark spots on its throat, breast and
sides. It has a bold, white eye ring and its tail is short. It
is often tied to shade-grown coffee plantations in South America
for winter survival, since it requires shady areas. Spring
brings it returning to North America to breed in moist deciduous
forests.
The Wood Thrush is an omnivore, and feeds preferentially on soil
invertebrates and larvae, but will also eat fruits. In the
summer, it feeds on insects continuously in order to meet daily
metabolic needs. It is solitary, but sometimes form
mixed-species flocks.
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| Blackbirds
California Condor
Cardinals
Cranes
Crows, Jays,
& Magpies Eagles
Finches
Flycatchers
Hawks
Hummingbirds
Owls Game Birds
Raptors
Shore Birds
Sparrows
Tanager
Thrushes
Vultures
Wading Birds Warblers
Woodpeckers
Wrens |
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