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Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Whales
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The entire Gray Whale population migrates
past the Monterey coastline every winter and spring. These
whales have one of the longest animal migrations known,
traveling over 12,000 miles from their summer feeding grounds in
the Bering Sea to their winter breeding grounds in Baja
California and back again. Gray Whales have come back from the
brink of extinction and now number over 25,000 individuals and
have recently been taken off the endangered species list. Gray
Whales are easily observed as they hug the coastline during
migration.
Gray Whales are present off Monterey from December through May.
Off Monterey, Gray Whales migrate south from December through
mid February, with peak numbers occurring during mid January.
Whales migrate north from mid February through May, peaking
during mid March. Most adult and juvenile whales pass Monterey
on their way to Alaska by mid April. Mother gray whales with
their newly born calves pass Monterey during April and May. The
mother/calf pairs are most susceptible to Killer Whale attacks
in the Bay during this period. |
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Monterey Bay is the best place along the
California coast to observe gray whales. Since
the shallow continental shelf does not extend
very far from shore off Monterey due to the near
shore submarine canyon, Gray Whales can be found
within a few miles of the coast in this region
compared to 15 or more miles from shore off San
Francisco.
Gray Whales reach lengths of 45', are generally
gray in color with white mottling, and have many
barnacles and whale lice embedded in their skin.
They migrate slowly, at about 2-5 miles/hr, and
generally blow 3-5 times before fluking up and
diving for 2-7 minutes. During this migration
they occasionally breach, spy hop, and mate with
other Grays. They travel singly or in pods
ranging from 2 to 10 whales.
Gray whales feed on small crustaceans such as amphipods, and tube worms found in bottom sediments. To feed, a whale dives to the bottom, rolls on its side and draws bottom sediments and water into its mouth. As it closes its mouth, water and sediments are expelled through the baleen plates, which trap the food on the inside near the tongue to be swallowed.
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Blue Whales can be seen in Big Sur June through October, during times of abundant krill. You can
often see Blue Whales from the roadside turnouts while in Big Sur.
It is difficult to imagine the size of the blue whale, the
largest animal inhabiting the earth. There are records of
individuals over 100 feet long, but 70-90 feet is probably
average. A good way to visualize their length is to remember
that they are about as long as three school buses. An average
weight for an adult is 200,000 to 300,000 pounds (100-150 tons).
Its heart alone is as large as a small car.
Blue whales are an overall blue-gray color, mottled with light
gray. Cold water diatoms adhere to their skin and sometimes give
their bellies a yellowish tinge, giving the blue whale its
nickname of "sulfur bottom." Blue whales are long and
streamlined. Their dorsal fins are extremely small, and their
pectoral flippers are long and thin.
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The Humpback Whale is an endangered species,
occurring in all the world's oceans. The central
California population of Humpback Whales
migrates from their winter calving and mating
areas off Mexico to their summer and fall
feeding areas off coastal California. Humpback
Whales occur in Monterey Bay from late April to
early December. During this period the whales
are here to feed on anchovies, sardines, and
krill.
Humpbacks are acrobats of the ocean, breaching
and slapping the water. They live in pods and
have 2 blowholes. The name humpback describes
the motion it makes as it arches its back out of
the water in preparation for a dive. Humpback
whales grow to be about 52 feet long, weighing
30-50 tons. The females are slightly larger than
males, as with all baleen whales.
The four-chambered heart of the average humpback
whale weighs about 430 pounds! Humpbacks come in
4 different color schemes, ranging from white to
gray to black to mottled. An average-sized
humpback whale will eat 4,400-5,500 pounds of
plankton, krill and small, schooling fish each
day during the feeding season in cold waters.
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Humpback Whales are in Monterey Bay to feed
and they often shift to various feeding locations depending on
prey density. Humpbacks are often observed lunge feeding near
the surface or deep diving for prey that is concentrated several
hundred feet deep. This whale is the most animated of all the
baleen whales, and in the Bay they are often seen breaching,
spy-hopping, pectoral fin slapping, and tail lobbing.
Monterey Bay is one of the best places to observe humpbacks on a
day's whale watch because the submarine canyon approaches very
close to shore here. The whales are frequently found along the
edges of the canyon where prey tends to concentrate. At times,
the whales come even closer to shore while feeding on anchovies
and can also be found 8-20 miles from shore where concentrations
of krill occur in relation to thermal fronts.
Current population estimates for Humpback Whales off California
conducted by Cascadia Research Collective indicate there are
about 800 whales in this population.
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