|
Exploring the beautiful nature of California
California Nature: Woodpeckers
|
|
Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds
with chisel like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues
used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes
pointing forward, and two backward, while several species have
only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping
noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species
world wide, 26 North American species, and 17 Californian
species.
Nearly as large as a crow, the Pileated Woodpecker is the
largest woodpecker in most of North America. Its loud ringing
calls and huge, rectangular excavations in dead trees announce
its presence in forests across the continent. The Pileated
Woodpecker digs characteristically rectangular holes in trees to
find ants. These excavations can be so broad and deep that they
can cause small trees to break in half. The feeding excavations
of a Pileated Woodpecker are so extensive that they often
attract other birds. Other woodpeckers, as well as House Wrens,
may come and feed there. A Pileated Woodpecker pair stays
together on its territory all year round. It will defend the
territory in all seasons, but will tolerate floaters during the
winter.
|
 |
One of the larger species of American
woodpeckers, Lewis's Woodpecker can be as large
as 10 to 11 inches in length. It is mainly
reddish-breasted, blackish-green in color with a
black rump. It has a gray collar and upper
breast, with a pinkish belly, and a red face.
Its dark plumage sets it apart from all other
North American woodpeckers. The wings are much
broader than those of other woodpeckers, and it
flies at a much more sluggish pace with slow,
but even flaps similar to those of a crow.
Lewis's Woodpecker is locally common, dwelling
mostly in open pine woodlands, and other areas
with scattered trees. Unlike other American
woodpeckers, it enjoys sitting in the open as
opposed to sitting in heavy tree cover. It
ranges mostly in the western to central United
States, but can winter as far south as the US
border with Mexico and summer as far north as
Canada.
The Lewis’s Woodpecker was named for Meriwether
Lewis, one of the explorers who surveyed the
areas bought by the USA in the Louisiana
Purchase. It seldom excavates wood for boring
insects. Instead, it gleans insects from the
tree surface, or most commonly, flycatches. |
|
|
The Downy Woodpecker may be the most
familiar woodpecker in North America. It occurs throughout North
America where woodlands are found, being absent only from tundra
regions of Canada and Alaska, and from southern Texas. The downy
woodpecker is virtually identical to the Hairy Woodpecker, but
is much smaller and with a much shorter bill.
Only 15 to 17 cm long, the Downy Woodpecker is very small
compared to most North American woodpeckers. Its contrasting
black and white plumage gives it a formal tuxedo like
appearance. The adult male sports a red patch on the back of his
head. The short, straight, chisel-like bill of the downy
woodpecker is especially suited for probing for insects and
insect larvae, and for chipping a cavity for a nest site.
This bird prefers forest ecosystems that are boreal, temperate,
subtropical, or tropical, though it has been known to reside in
rural and urban areas. The Downy Woodpecker uses sources of food
that larger woodpeckers cannot, such as the insect fauna on weed
stems.
|
 |
Red-headed Woodpeckers are medium-sized woodpeckers with black upperparts and tail, and white underparts
and rump. The head, throat, and upper breast are dark red. Wings
are black with large white patches. Bill, legs and feet are
black.
These birds fly to catch insects in the air or on the ground, forage on trees or gather and store nuts.
Red-headed woodpeckers are omnivorous, eating insects, seeds, fruits, berries, nuts, and occasionally even the eggs of other birds. About two thirds of their diet is made up of plants.
Red headed woodpeckers often nest in a cavity in a dead tree, utility pole, or a dead part of a tree that is between 8 and 80 feet above the ground. They lay four to seven eggs in early May which are incubated for two weeks. Two broods can be raised in a single nesting season.
The red-headed woodpecker is listed as a vulnerable species in Canada and as a threatened species in some states in the US. The species has declined in numbers due to habitat loss caused by harvesting of snags, agricultural development, channeling of rivers, a decline in farming resulting to regeneration of eastern forests, monoculture crops, the loss of small orchards, and treatment of telephone poles with creosote.
|
|
|
The Northern Flicker is a bird of open areas
and forest edges wherever open ground is available. This species
is also known as the Common Flicker and the Yellow-shafted
Flicker. Unlike most species of woodpeckers, Flickers forage
mostly on the ground, consuming ants, termites, caterpillars,
crickets, grasshoppers, other insects, spiders, berries, seeds,
and nuts. The Flicker is about 13 inches long with a wingspan of
18 to 21 inches. Weights range from 4 to 6 ounces. Flickers have
a gray crown with a prominent red chevron on the back of the
head. The yellow shafts of the feathers and its habit of
flicking its bill give the Yellow-shafted Flicker its name. The
yellow shafts of the primary flight feathers is noticeable in
this photo. The spectacular underside of the Yellow-shafted
Flicker makes it easy to see how this bird got its name.
Acorn Woodpeckers are medium-sized, clown-faced woodpecker with red crown, glossy black-and-white head, and glaring white eyes.
With a black patch around base of bill the acorn woodpecker's body is black with white rump and belly,
and one or more red- or yellow-tipped throat feathers may be present. Wings are black with white patches. Acorn Woodpeckers are year-round residents from southern Oregon
south through California, and in Arizona, New Mexico, and
western Texas. These woodpeckers have a preferred habitat that
includes open oak and pine-oak forests.
|
| Blackbirds
California Condor
Cardinals
Cranes
Crows, Jays,
& Magpies Eagles
Finches
Flycatchers
Hawks
Hummingbirds
Owls Game Birds
Raptors
Shore Birds
Sparrows
Tanager
Thrushes
Vultures
Wading Birds Warblers
Woodpeckers
Wrens |
|